Microplastic "A threat to human life"

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     Plastics: A life threatening problem Plastic is one of the life threatening problem of world. Now, the situation is out of the neck on garbage management issue.  Microplastics in drinking water :- Microplastics are every where in our environment it have been detected in marine water, wastewater, fresh water , food air and drinking water, both bottled and tap water. Microplastics enter freshwater environment in a number of ways :-  Image 1 primarily from surface run-off and wastewater effluent (both treated and untreated),  but also from combined sewer overflows,  industrial effluent degraded plastic waste and atmospheric deposition. The limited evidence show that some microplastics found in drinking water may come from treatment and distribution system for tap water and bottling or bottled water.
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How to lose Fat and obesity??

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                       Obesity: "A genetic disorder"

What is Genetic Fat ?

The genetic Fat stands for the fat produce due to the genetic mutation. There are dozens of gene which are responsible for the fat in body. Gene contributes to obesity in many ways.

Genetic causes of the Obesity?

 1) Mutation in the melanocortin-4 receptor gene (MC4R)

2) Mutation in the gamma peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gene (PPARG)

3) Mutation in the uncoupling protein-3 gene (UCP3)

4) Mutation in the nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2 gene (NR0B2)

5) Mutation in the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 gene (ENPP1)

6) Mutation in the ghrelin gene (GHRL)

7) Mutation in the beta-2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2)

 8) Mutation in the beta-3-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB3)

9)  Mutation in the uncoupling protein-1 gene (UCP1)

10) Mutation in the uncoupling protein-2 gene (UCP2)

11) Mutation in the proopiomelanocortin gene (POMC)

12) Mutation in the homolog of the mouse agouti gene (AGRP)

13) Mutation in the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript prepropeptide


What is Fat distribution?

It is the distribution of fat (Adipose tissue) near the buttock , upper body and around abdomen, chest shoulder and around neck. This combination of fat distribution make the shape of persona as an "Apple" body or obesity on the the central stomach, This type of fat distribution are commonly observed in male than in females.


Health risk associated with obesity?

  • Hypertension (High Blood pressure)
  • Type 2 Diabetes 
  • Heart related Diseases
  • Gallbladder disease
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Stroke
  • Slip apnea And problems in Breathing
  • Mental illness such as clinical depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders
  • Body pain and difficult with the physical functioning
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Cancers


Treatment of Obesity?

Lifestyle Intervention 

  • By introducing the diet and exercise in life style we can easily loss the 5-10 Kg with conventional methods. 
  • Mood and mobility of the person also become more functional as normal.
  • Appropriate calorie intake and physical activity should perform by individual

Pharmacotherapy

  • The pharmacotherapy of obesity involved by meditation with orlistat.
  • Benzaphetamine, diethylpropion, phendimetrazine, and phentermine are the approved drugs for short term treatment 
  • Orlistat, lorcaserin and combination of phentermine/topiramate are approved drugs for long term treatement.

Surgery

  • The surgery for fat removal can be apply if all the appropriate method of removal of fat are failed
  • The conventional method of fat removal should be applied for at least 6 months.
  • To commit for long-term follow up.
  • The age guidelines are not limited but less than 60 years. 






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